0 Reverse Osmosis - R/O Water

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In order to understand the method of osmosis; imagine a container with a semi-permeable divider. One halfcontains tap water and the other half distilled water. Nature's way for maintaining cellular fluid levels triggers a natural action in equalizing both fluids.

Distilled water has no minerals and salts, while the tap water has plenty. The distilled water is forced over tothe mineral and salt rich environment in order to equalize the minerals and salts in both fluids. This is osmosis and the pressure on the "divider" the osmotic pressure.

A carrot for example extracts water from the moistened soil by this principle. The carrot being loaded with minerals, the outside moisture being pure. The same principle is at work, if humans consume saltwater. The saltwater in the stomach extracts fresh water from outside of the cell wall (stomach) in order to equalize the fluid levels. And that is the reason why we dehydrate by drinking saltwater.

Let's turn this around. Let's put pressure on the mineral rich water forcing it through the "cell wall" or "divider" to get pure water. That is reversing the process of osmosis as we know by nature and the basic principle of reverse osmosis.

Osmosis in simplest terms is when pure water dilutes
the mineral and salt rich water in order to equalize.

Reverse osmosis (RO) results in the purest drinking water possible. A membrane takes over instead of a "cell wall". The membrane is a dense material leaving only small molecular weight particles through, while the larger particles (salt, chemical/ organic compounds, impurities, bacteria, fungi, viruses, pesticides) are washed away.

The two types of membranes:

Cellulose Triacetate (CTA)

This film is acceptable for treating tap water that contains chlorine/ chloramine. In fact CTA needs an antibacterial substance in the water, as the film is not good in removing bacteria. CTA should not be used if the water is hard (500 ppm) or has a pH above 8.5

Thin Film Composite (TFC)

This film is acceptable for hard water and can filter out bacteria. Chlorine/ chloramine on the other hand can not be tolerated. Using a TFC membrane with tap water (public water) you must pre-filter the water to eliminate chlorine/chloramine (i.e. carbon filter).

RO units work mechanically (by pressure) and are almost maintenance free. The only maintenance there is, is the back flushing, to remove the trapped particles on the membrane.

RO's enemies:

The first one would be the water temperature; it should be between 33-85 degrees Fahrenheit (1 - 29 degrees Celsius). Everything below or above this temperature range will destroy the membrane.

Another enemy is air. The membrane has to be submersed in water at all times. The membrane is destroyed if it dries out. If you have to store it, store it in water.

RO units create a lot of wastewater. Generally, 5 Gallons on the inflow will leave you with only 1 Gallon of RO water. This can be considerably high if you think that you will need 50 Gallons of water to get 10 Gallons of RO water, wasting 40 Gallons. The "waste water" is only 20% higher on average in minerals and salts than the original water so there is no reason not to consider re-using the "waste water" for other purposes.

RO water can be used for marine and reef tanks as the salt mix provides all the essential minerals and salts needed. Straight RO water is not acceptable for freshwater as it lacks essential minerals and salts. You must learn how to adjust the water chemistry if you use RO water for freshwater tanks.

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0 Air Reverse Osmosis

Proses filterisasi (penyaringan) air baku menjadi air minum sehat dalam sistem reverse osmosis terdiri dari beberapa tahap. Berikut ini adalah tahap - tahap penyaringan air baku menjadi air siap konsumsi dengan reverse osmosis system: 

1.Tahap pertama Sedimen Filter - Menyaring partikel yang berukuran besar (lebih dari 5 mikron) seperti kotoran, lumpur, pasir, debu, karat, bahan mikro, kapur, rambut dan kotoran fisik lainnya. - Masa penggantian (asumsi sumber air PDAM) 3-6 bulan sekali tergantung kondisi air

2.Tahap kedua GAC Carbon Actived - Menyerap bau, warna, rasa tak sedap, bahan kimia organik dan klorin - Masa penggantian (asumsi sumber air PDAM) 6-12 bulan sekali tergantung kondisi air

3.Tahap ketiga CTO Carbon Block - Memiliki 2 fungsi sebagai Sedimen 10 mikron dan karbon aktif yang menyerap bau, warna, rasa tak sedap, bahan kimia organik dan klorin dalam tahap lanjutan - Masa penggantian (asumsi sumber air PDAM) 6-12 bulan sekali tergantung kondisi air

4.Tahap keempat Reverse Osmosis Membrane - Membuang seluruh bahan pencemar air seperti virus, kuman, bakteri, kimia, fisik, biologi dan logam berat berbahaya. Ukuran kerapatan membrane reverse osmosis adalah 0,0001 mikron (satu helai rambut dibagi 500.000 bagian). Membrane reverse osmosis ini berfungsi sebagai ginjal ke tiga manusia, sehingga menghasilkan air murni (H2O) dan meringankan kerja ginjal karena bahan pencemar sudah terbuang. - Masa penggantian (asumsi sumber air PDAM) 20 - 36 bulan sekali tergantung kondisi air

5.Tahap kelima Bio energi Filter dan spiral magnetic - Memecah molekul air dengan sinar Far infra merah sehingga memiliki bio energi dan menghasilkan air hexagonal aktif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan dan kesehatan tubuh - Masa penggantian (asumsi sumber air PDAM) 20 -6 bulan sekali tergantung kondisi air

6.Tahap keenam Post Carbon (Carbon Filter) - Mengembalikan kualitas alami air seperti rasa, menghilangkan bau tak sedap sehingga menghasilkan air dengan rasa alami - Masa penggantian (asumsi sumber air PDAM) 20 -6 bulan sekali tergantung kondisi air

Satu proses terpenting dari sistem reverse osmosis adalah pemakaian membran semipermeabel yaitu pada penyaringan air tahap keempat. Dengan ukuran yang sangat kecil yaitu 0,0001 mikron (satu helai rambut dibagi 500.000 bagian), hanya air murni dan sehat saja yang dapat menembus membran RO tersebut. Jika air tidak mampu menembus, maka air tersebut akan terbuang pada saluran khusus. Dengan 6 tahap pemurnian air di atas, air yang dihasilkan adalah air murni yang sangat bersih, steril dan sehat. Rasa air minum reverse osmosis jauh lebih segar seperti air asli pegunungan yang belum pernah terkena pencemaran. Kelebihan lain dari produk sistem reverse osmosis adalah biaya perawatan yang sangat murah. Setelah memiliki produk reverse osmosis rumah tangga, biaya pertahun tidak lebih dari Rp. 200 ribu. Jadi, dengan menghadirkan produk reverse osmosis rumah tangga, Anda telah melakukan langkah terbaik untuk mendapatkan air sehat bagi Anda dan sekeluarga.

filterisasi's process (winnow) default water becomes healthy drinking water in reverse's system osmosis consisting of umpteen phase. This following is default water winnow phases as ready water consume with reverse system's osmosis:

1.First phase sedimentary Filter Screens king-size particle (more than 5 microns) as dirt as, slime, sand, dust, karat, micro material, whitewash, hair and another physical filth. - Substitution term (water source assumption PDAM) 3 - 6 months once pending condition of water

2.Phase is GAC Carbon Actived second Absorbs odor, color, taste is not delicious, organic chemistry material and substitution Term chlorine (water source assumption PDAM) 6 - 12 months once pending condition of water

3.CTO Carbon Block's drd phase Has 2 functions as sedimentary as 10 micron and active carbon that absorbs odor, color, taste is not delicious, organic chemistry and chlorine material in Terms continuing phase substitution (water source assumption PDAM) 6 - 12 months once pending condition of water

4.Phase is Reverse fourth Membrane's Osmosis Discards all pencemar's material water as virus, germ, bacteria, chemical, physical, biological and perilous heavy metal. membrane reverse's density measure osmosis is 0,0001 micron (a piece hair is divided 500.000 a part). Membrane reverse is this osmosis functioning third as kidney human, so results purification water (H2O) and softens kidney job because material pencemar was discarded. - Substitution term (water source assumption PDAM) 20 36 moons once pending condition of water

5.Phase to five Bio Filter's energies and magnetic's spirals Break Down water molecule with Far Infra's light tingles so have bio energy and results hexagonal's water active to increase robustness and Term body health substitution (water source assumption PDAM) 20 6 months once pending condition of water

6.Phase is Post Carbon sixth (Carbon Filter) - Backing waters natural quality as sensed as, deodorize not delicious so results water with sensed natural substitution Term (water source assumption PDAM) 20 6 months once pending condition of water

One principal process of reverse's system osmosis is semipermeabel's membrane using up which is on fourth phase water winnow. With weeny measure which is 0,0001 micron (a piece hair is divided 500.000 a part), just water purification and healthy only that gets to penetrate that RO's membrane. If water can't penetrate, therefore that water will be discarded on special channel. With 6 water purifying phases upon, resulting water is pure water that really clear, sterile and healthy. reverse's drinking water taste osmosis goes away uliginous fresher original mountain which have never been stricken sacrilege. Other excess of reverse's system product osmosis is dirt-cheap maintenance cost. After have reverse's product family osmosis, pertahun's cost no more than Rp. 200 thousand. So, with present reverse's product family osmosis, You have done stage besting to get healthy water for Your and cognate.